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The first season (we hope) of the Shogun series revolves around the death of the fictional Nakamura Hidetoshi who is based on the historical figure Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born in 1537 in a small village near modern-day Nagoya, Japan. He came from a peasant family, with no samurai background—a rarity for someone who would later rise to immense power. His childhood name was Hiyoshi-maru, and his early life was marked by hardship and poverty. <br>

 

Despite these challenges, Hideyoshi was known for his wit, charisma, and resourcefulness. As a young man, he left his village and sought opportunities as a servant to various local lords, eventually finding his way into the service of the powerful daimyo Oda Nobunaga. Toyotomi is known as the second of the 3 Great Unifiers in Japanese history. The third was Tokugawa Ieyasu, who is the inspiration for the central Toranaga character in the Shogun series. Because of Hideyoshi’s humble backgrounds he was never given the title of Shogun, but was rather adopted the title of Kampaku which held similar roles and responsibilities of the Shogun. It is around his death and transfer of power that the Shogun series is based. There are still many historical sites in Japan connected to Hideyoshi including Odawara Castle and Osaka Castle.

Odawara Castle
Osaka Castle

Why Hideyoshi Matters

Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s story is more than just history—it’s an inspiration. His rise from a peasant to the unifier of Japan proves that ambition and ingenuity can overcome any obstacle. His story is the foundation for the Shogun series as well.

Plan your trip today and walk in the footsteps of Japan’s “Great Unifier”! Explore the landmarks, immerse yourself in the culture, and discover the legacy of this extraordinary leader around the Odawara area.

The Hōjō Clan: A Regional Power

The Hōjō clan was a powerful daimyo family based in Odawara of the Kantō region of eastern Japan. By the late 16th century, the clan had established itself as a dominant force, controlling extensive territories and fortifications, including Odawara Castle—their stronghold. The castle was renowned for its impressive defenses, with thick walls, deep moats, and a strategic location that made it one of the most formidable fortresses in Japan. This castle was rebuilt and walking the wonderfully preserved grounds and visiting the samurai gallery are worth the visit.

 

The Hōjō clan’s power and independence posed a challenge to Hideyoshi’s vision of a unified Japan under his rule. As he sought to bring the entire country under his control, the Hōjō’s resistance became a significant obstacle.

The Road to Conflict

By the early 1590s, Hideyoshi had already subdued other powerful clans, including the Oda and the Takeda, and established dominance over much of western and central Japan. However, the Hōjō’s refusal to submit to his authority created a growing tension. The conflict reached a boiling point in 1590 when Hideyoshi demanded that the Hōjō relinquish control of certain territories as a gesture of submission. The Hōjō’s leaders, Ujinao and his father Ujimasa, rejected this demand, setting the stage for military action.

The Siege of Odawara Castle

In the spring of 1590, Hideyoshi launched a massive campaign against the Hōjō. The siege of Odawara Castle became one of the most significant military undertakings of the Sengoku period. Hideyoshi’s army, estimated to be around 220,000 strong, vastly outnumbered the Hōjō forces defending the castle. This overwhelming numerical advantage was complemented by Hideyoshi’s logistical expertise and his ability to mobilize resources on an unprecedented scale. One of the main general’s during this siege was Tokugawa Ieyasu, who is the inspiration for the main Shogun character Toranaga. You can even see the family crest that featured in the series on tiles around the castle.

What set the siege of Odawara apart from other battles of the time was its relatively bloodless nature. Hideyoshi employed a strategy of psychological and economic warfare rather than relying solely on direct assaults. His forces surrounded the castle, cutting off supply lines and isolating the defenders. Meanwhile, Hideyoshi’s troops and allies engaged in a festival-like atmosphere outside the castle walls, showcasing their superior position and demoralizing the Hōjō. The campaign became known as the “Siege of Odawara without bloodshed,” though minor skirmishes and sabotage occurred.

 

Hideyoshi also employed diplomatic tactics to weaken the Hōjō’s resolve. He reached out to allies and vassals of the Hōjō, offering leniency and rewards in exchange for their betrayal. This strategy sowed discord within the Hōjō ranks, further undermining their ability to resist.

The Fall of the Hōjō Clan

After three months of siege, the Hōjō clan surrendered. Odawara Castle fell without significant bloodshed, marking the end of the clan’s dominance in the Kantō region. Ujimasa was compelled to commit seppuku (ritual suicide), while Ujinao was exiled to Mount Kōya near Osaka. The fall of the Hōjō clan signified a turning point in Hideyoshi’s campaign to unify Japan. With their defeat, the last major independent daimyo resistance to Hideyoshi’s rule was eliminated.

Following the conquest, Hideyoshi redistributed the Hōjō’s lands, granting the Kantō region to Tokugawa Ieyasu (Toranaga is the Shogun series and the reason he has land to build his new city called Edo), one of his key allies. This decision had significant long-term implications for Japanese history, as it strengthened Ieyasu’s position, ultimately enabling him to establish the Tokugawa shogunate after Hideyoshi’s death.

Legacy of the Siege

The siege of Odawara Castle exemplifies Hideyoshi’s multifaceted approach to warfare and governance. His ability to combine military might, psychological tactics, and diplomacy highlighted his ingenuity as a leader. Moreover, the campaign underscored the importance of logistics and resource management in large-scale conflicts. These are well illustrated in the Odawara Castle museum.

The fall of the Hōjō clan also marked the end of an era and some say it is the beginning of the end of the Sengoku Warring States period of Japanese history.  The Kantō region, once a bastion of independent power, was fully integrated into Hideyoshi’s centralized regime. This integration laid the groundwork for the Tokugawa shogunate, which would rule Japan for over two centuries.

 

 

Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s relationship with the Hōjō clan and the siege of Odawara Castle illustrate the complexities of Japan’s unification process during the Sengoku period. The campaign demonstrated Hideyoshi’s strategic brilliance and his determination to bring all of Japan under a single rule. By defeating the Hōjō and taking control of Odawara Castle, Hideyoshi solidified his authority and paved the way for the eventual establishment of lasting peace under the Tokugawa shogunate. This episode remains a defining moment in Japanese history, symbolizing the transition from fragmented feudal warfare to a unified nation. Odawara is a place to see, feel, and understand the history of the Shogun series.

Visit Odawara Castle

 

The Siege of Odawara castle was a definitive moment for the historical characters in the Shogun series. The castle is a short trip from Tokyo and only a short walk from Odawara Station. The grounds, museum, and samurai gallery are interesting, but take some time to explore and experience the wonderful city on the sea. There are guided experiences as well for a more in depth experience for guests.

Ninja, Samurai and Castle Experience

Join one of Japan's foremost experts on ninja culture and history for this amazing experience learning and training as a ninja.

Zen Experience in Odawara Castle

Gain exclusive access to the top of Odawara Castle for a talk and time meditating with a local zen monk.

Castle & Town Discovery Tour

Join this tour to see historical building, taste local treats, and discover hidden aspects of this popular castle city.